Process of gluing



Patented Mar. 29, 1932 PATENT OFFICE THEODORE WILLIAMS DIKE, OF NEW WESTMINSTER, .BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA,

ASSIGNOR TO I. F. LAUCKS, INC., 0]? SEATTLE,

WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, A CORPORATION OF PROCESS OF GLUING No Drawing. Application filed May 28,

In the usual methods of gluing, it is customary to employ a fluid or dispersed gluing material. This necessarily involves the introduction of a large amount of water for the conditioning of an adhesive of such type.

All this water must then ultimately be eliminated. Aside from the disadvantages of thus having to introduce and eliminate a large volume of water, which is useless so far 1 as adhesion proper is concerned, detrimental wood is also common.

effects to the wood or the like also occur. Excessive swelling of the fiber, warpage and much checking are more or less inevitable concomitants. Objectionable staining of the On account of the limitations imposed by the liquid adhesive it has not been practical moreover to provide protective treatment other than by ultimate surface application to the finished product. A procedure making possible the avoidance of all of these drawbacks, and at the same time providing desired internal treatment of protective measures, irrespective of limitations of the gluing agent is of fundamental importance and highly desirable.

To the accomplishment of such objects and related ends, the invention, then, consists of the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth certain illustrative embodiments of the invention, these being indicative of but a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.

In accordance with the invention, the materials to be glued, for instance elements for wood panels or ply-wood, are supplied with adhesive base, preferably in discrete particle form, and an addition agent for modifying the character of the product is included, with, or in any convenient order, as before or after the adhesive base, or both and the panel elements are assembled, and pressed.

As adhesive base material, I may employ the segregated proteins, such as casein, gluten, segregated or isolated protein from oil seed flours, such as soyabean, hempseed, castor, etc., or I may employ a vegetable pro- 5 teinous material in the form of a ground seed flour, for instance the residue of oleaginous 1930. Serial No. 456,813.

seeds from which the oil has been removed being particularly advantageous. Examples of this are flour or meal made from cake oi residue from soyabean, peanuts, cottonseed, fiaxseed, perillaseed, hempseed, copra, tung nuts, castor beans, etc. In some instances I may employ a starch, also in un dispersed condition. Readily dispersible proteins, such as blood albumen, animal glue, lactalbumin, etc. may be employed, also in discrete particle form, particularly where excessive penetration is suitably guarded against.

With the adhesive base in suitably divided or discrete particle form, as contrasted with dispersed or liquid glue, such material may be applied to the pieces to be glued conveniently by dusting or sprinkling. In the case of woods containing moisture, as green or wet material from a veneer cutter, it is merely necessary to apply the adhesive base in the dry powdered form. Where the moisture content of the wood is excessive it maybe preliminarily reduced by suitable means. On the other hand, where the wood surfaces are dry, it is desirable to add a small amount of moisture. This may be done by brushing or spraying by an atomizer head or the like. The application of the moisture may pre cede or follow the application of the adhesive base. In some cases I may supply the moisture along with the adhesive, the adhesive then being in the form of a moistened or suspended mass, still, however, retaining its discrete particle form as distinguished from a dispersed or liquid condition. By dispersion of course is meant that colloidal condition in which the colloid is indefinitely disrapeseed, 1.

seminated homogeneously throughout the strong base such as a phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate sodium metasilicate, ammonium phosphate, barium peroxide, b1- chromates, c rome alum, other alums, tannic acid, gallic acid, etc., sulphur compounds, as calcium thiocarbonate, or liquid and gaseous sulphur compounds, such as carbon disulphide, introduced in any suitable manner, for instance by adsorption in the adhesive base or some convenient menstruum, copper salts, as copper chloride, copper sulphate, etc. phenol, creosote, cresylates, betana hthol, alphanapthol, camphor, oil of ce ar, etc. As fireproofing agents, ammonium phosphate as above noted, borax, etc. Soluble and hygroscopic compounds, such as caustic soda, may be dissolved in the moistening water and be thus applied.

Preferably, an agent to supply water or crystallization, insolubilizing material, and fireproofing and biocidal ingredients are all employed together.

Theminimum amount of moisture desirably present for the development of adhesion where employing an adhesive base in discrete particle form as set forth, may range between about one-fourth to one and one-half times the amount of the dry adhesive base. Larger amounts up to the full moisture content of green plies as coming from the veneer cutter are not detrimental to the formation of a satisfactory bond, but the presence of excess moisture increases the time required in the hot press proportionately to its presence. When all the materials concerned are in a relatively dry state, satisfactory adhesion may be developed in some instances without the necessity of resort to heat, pressure alone being sufiicient. The pressure employed may vary depending upon the materials, soft materials, or instance a soft and open textured wood like cottonwood in the green undried state being satisfactorily handled with about forty ounds pressure er square inch, while dense ard materials, dr instance dry birch, may be treated at about 300 pounds pressure. The upper limit in an case would be determined by the possi le crushing of the texture of the material. In the application ofheat where desired, temperatures of 160375 F. may be had, the lower temperatures of around 160 being sufiicient to set such an adhesive base as blood albumen, while the higher range of temperature is effective in the insolubilizing of such adhesive bases as casein, oil seed flours, etc. Since the process avoids the large amount of water customarily handled in the wet gluing processes, it will be seen that it now becomes commercially feasible to make up ply-wood in a single stage operation, bonding it together and drying it at the same time, thereby very greatly increasing plant capacity.

With dry wood the present process lends itself particularly well to high speed gluing,

since there is no large excess of water to be eliminated, and very conveniently moisture requirements may be wholly or partly met by the incorporation of a compound havin water of crystallization, such as the phosp ates, borax, barium hydroxide, etc. For example: 50 parts of casein are mixed with about 50 parts of trisodium phosphate. This is sprinkled upon a sheet of dr ply material, for instance as coming from t e veneer drier, another ply is superposed, the dry adhesive base is applied, and another ply is superposed. The assemblage is then sub ected to pressure and heat in a press a temperature correspond ing to a steam pressure of about sixty pounds bein adequate to set a panel of gumwood in a out one minute. This is an example illustrating gluing dry wood with a dry powdered adhesive base without applying any moisture as such to the assembly, the water required for forming the bond being supplied by the water of crystallization contained in the addition agent.

Likewise with dry wood a strong and water resistant bond may be obtained with great rapidity by applying to the ply about one part by weight of water by s rinkling, together with one part of the ollowing adhesive base, combining a hydrolyzable sodium salt, a soluble barium compound, and calcium hydroxide, said agents having a quick setting action upon proteinous materials and also an insolubilizing action, thus: 100 parts of soya bean flour, 20 parts of barium hydroxide, 10 parts of trisodium phosphate and 17 parts of hydrated lime are mixed together. This is applied to the anel elements following the application 0 water, with superposition in succession, and the assembled panel is hot-pressed. With face lies a bond is formed in one minute with heat of the order of 60 lbs. steam pressure. By inclusion of beta-naphthol or oil of cedar with the oleaginous seed flour or other adhesive base in discrete particle form and ammonium phosphate, a product may be had which is resistant against fungi and insects, as well as being fire resistant. In fact, in this manner combined ultimate structures may be had suitable for chest, closet and other construction where it is desired to afford protective action against insects, etc., and such a product may be made much more effective than the usual cedar wood structures since the amount of protective agent incorporated in the structure can assume such proportions as desired. The addition to the adhesive base of ammonium phosphate, beta naphthol, oil of cedar, etc., may thus provide all-around protection against hazards of fungi,'insects, fire, etc., besides providing a wood product or the like in which the glue seams are characterized by a high strength and freedom from blistering and staining as well.

By supplying a biocide, fireproofing, or

other protective agent, for instance, sodium meta-silicate, ammonium phosphate, beta naphthol, alums, borax, para-formaldehyde,

etc. in owdered form, these may be readily applied in admixture with the adhesive base sizing the procedure correspondingly simpli- Wood and other materials capable of being bound together by an adhesive may thus be readily glued; with a corresponding absence of the obstacles characteristics of the old methods in which a large surplus of water had to be introduced and eliminated, nor is it necessary that the materials glued together be of definite geometrical shape.

This application is a continuation in part of my application Ser. N 0. 335,998, filed J anuary 29, 1929.

The following applications are continuations in part of the present case: Serial No. 518,944, filed February 28, 1931; Serial No. 538,983, filed May 21, 1931; Serial No. 565,929, filed September 29, 1931; Serial No. 594,396, filed February 20, 1932; Serial No. 565,930, filed September 21, 1931, it being noted that claims specifiying the use of a hydroxide of an alkali metal are included in the latter application.

Reference is also made to the following applications which are also continuations in part of said application Serial No. 335,998: Serial No. 454,832, filed May 22, 1930; Serial No. 455,977, filed May 26, 1930; Serial No. 455,978, filed May 26, 1930; Serial No. 456,814, filed May 28, 1930.

Reference is also made to the application of Theodore Williams Dike, Serial No. 596,070, filed March 1, 1932.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed, change being made as regards't-he details described, provided the features stated in any of the following claims, or the equivalent of such, be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invent1on:-

1. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form, supplying also-an alkali metal compound, assembling, and pressing.

2. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in powdered form, supplying also in powdered form a material containing water of crystallization, assembling, and pressing.

3. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form, supplying also in powdered form an alkaline agent containing water of crystallization and assembling, and pressing.

4. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form, supplying also barium hydroxide, assembling, and pressing.

5. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an ad hesive base in discrete particle form, su plying also a protective agent in powdered orm, assembling, and pressing.

6. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form and an insolubilizing agent containing combined water and in powdered form, assembling, and pressing.

7. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form, supplying also a biocidal agent in powdered form, assembling, and pressing.

8. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporate an adhesive base in discrete particle form, supplying also a fireproofing agent, assembling, and pressing.

9. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base comprising soyabean flour and barium hydroxide, assembling, and pressing.

10. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form, supplying also a phosphate, and beta-naphthol.

11. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form, supplying also a phosphate, and oil of cedar.

12. A process of gluing, which comprises applying a proteinous material in discrete powdered form to a surface to be incorpo rated supplying also in powdered form an agent providing water of crystallization, assembling, and pressing.

13. A composite structure glued together by an adhesive base supplied in discrete particle form and identifiable as so supplied and including barium hydroxide.

14.. A composite structure glued together by an adhesive comprising soya bean flour and barium hydroxide.

15. A composite structure glued together by a proteinous adhesive base supplied in discrete particle form and identifiable as so supplied and including a biocidal agent.

16. A composite structure glued together by a proteinous discrete particle form and identifiable as so supplied and including a fire-proofing agent.

17. A process of gluing, which comprises applying a proteinous material in discrete particle form to a surface to be incorporated, supplying also a phosphate, assembling, and

. pressing.

18. A process of gluing, which comprises applying a proteinous material in discrete particle form to a surface to be incorporated,

adhesive base supplied in supplying also barium hydroxide assembling, and pressing.

19. A process of gluing, which comprises applying a proteinous material in discrete particle form to a surface to be incorporated, supplying also a biocide in powdered form, assembling, and pressing.

20. A process of gluing, which comprises applying a proteinous material in discrete particle form to a surface to be incorporated, supplyin also a sodium compound, assembling, an pressing.

21. A process of gluing, which comprises applying a proteinous material in discrete particle form to a surface to be incorporated, supplying also oil of cedar, asseinblmg, and pressing. I

22.- A process of gluing, which comprises applying to dry wood an adhesive base in powdered form and supplying also a material containing water of crystallization, assembling and subjecting to bonding conditions, without the addition of a liquid as such.

23. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to dry wood a mixture of an adhesive base in powdered form and a material containing water of crystallization, ass'embling and subjecting to bonding conditions, without the addition of a liquid as such.

24. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to dry wood a proteinous adhesive base in powdered form and a material con taining water of crystallization, assembling and subjectin to bonding conditions,- no liquid as such being supplied.

25. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to dry wood powdered casein and trisodium phosphate, assembling and subjecting to bonding conditions, no liquid as such being supplied.

26. A process of gluing, which comprises applying an adhesive base in discrete particle form to a surface to be incorporated, supplying also an insolubilizing agent and an independent protective agent, assembling and subjecting to bonding conditions.

27. 'A process of gluing, which comprises applying a powdered adhesive base to a surface to be incorporated, supplying also in powdered form an agent providing water of crystallization, an insolubilizing agent and a protective agent, assembling and subjecting to bonding conditions.

28. A process of gluing, which comprises applying a owdered adhesive base to a surface to be incorporated, supplying also in powdered form an agent providing water of crystallization, an insolubilizing agent and a biocide, assembling and subjecting to bonding conditions.

29. A process of gluing, which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base and an alkali metal compound, both in powdered form, assembling and subjecting to bonding conditions.

30. A process of gluing, which comprises applyin a mixture of an adhesive base and an alkali metal compound in powdered form, assembling and sub ecting to bonding conditions.

31. A process of gluing, which comprises applying in powdered form a mixture of an adhesive base and an insolubilizing agent containin water of crystallization, assembling and su jecting to bonding conditions. i

32. A process of gluing, which comprises applying a mixture of an adhesive base and a rotective agent in powdered form, assemling and subjecting to bonding conditions.

33. A process of gluing), which comprises applying to a surfaceto e incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form and a phosphate of sodium and subjecting to bonding conditions.

- 34. A process of gluin which comprises applying to a surface to be incorporated an adhesive base in discrete particle form and a phosphate of ammonium and subjecting to bonding conditions.

Signed by me this 12th day of Ma 1930.

THEODORE WILLIAMS D KE. 

